roles of a special education teacher essay

I was meant only to observe the class when I visited the center, but I ended up assisting the teachers as they were clearly understaffed and needed volunteers in the center. in a study conducted by marks, et al. We all learn in different ways, and that is especially true in a special education classroom., This assignment also shows my ability to creatively approach teaching lessons with students in small groups. Teachers should always use the IEP as a resource for the specific goals and objective for the individual student, plus it may include strategies to help the student, As a career changer, coming into the field of education in a roundabout way, as a substitute teacher, really opened up my eyes to the need for impassioned, enthusiastic, dedicated educators. However it is likely that over a decade of experience coupled with her education has helped Mrs. Smith to master the art of substitution in lesson plans. In being realistic, Mrs. Smith reports that not every student will master every skill. Use Promo "custom20" And Get 20% Off! Hence, cross cultural understanding become crucial for all the persons who are working in the area of special education needs.. TO LEARN However, Mrs. Smith did discuss how rewarding it is when each student masters a new skill. Educators in this field work across all age groups and in different settings, including public schools and in healthcare and residential facilities. School officials and teachers need to education students on different disabilities and work to ensure that all students are treated with respect., It is my intent to become more familiar with the impact of culture and language factors that may interfere with my students learning. Some students function better in groups while others function better when taught individually. Additionally, describe the role that special education teachers have as advocates for students with disabilities. LH doe many important things for all her special learners. Teachers can advocate for changes in different areas of special education, such as referrals, disciplinarians, student hearing offices, and so forth. In order for teachers to service specific students that have special learning needs and/or disabilities, it is required they complete hours of different trainings to earn certificates. ETPD: Education, Training and Professional Development of Special Educator A training program should be designed by collaborative efforts between the special education department in university, practitioners and inclusive schools to provide special educators with the knowledge, skills and abilities needed for Cooperative learning and immediate feedback could enhance independent learning and ensure students understanding of new concepts. Having trouble finding the perfect essay? All special education teachers who teach in public schools must also have a teaching certificate issued by their state. Special education teachers are tasked with supporting special needs students with accommodations for academic success. The role of the principal-leader is to unite its participants and direct their activities. The future of special education teachers is indeed promising. Special education is staring to grow in popularity across the U.S and has been raising awareness about both the service offered in schools and the career field. Serving as an advocate and a teacher, a special education teacher works with classroom teachers, counselors and family members to write an individualized education programs (IEPs) for children who are struggling academically, socially and personally. In special schools, there should always be a limit with the number of students per class so that individualized instruction is observed and teachers can really focus on each student. Mrs. Smith has a decade of experience and masters in special education. Sit back relax and leave the writing to us. New Jersey: Sage. Mrs. Smith has found that keeping the entire classroom engaged for an activity can be difficult. Provide at least two examples of people with whom they might collaborate. Any subject. The unit monitors the special education programme for children through six areas: Hearing Impairments, Visual Impairments, Physical Impairments, Mental Retardation, Giftedness and Learning Disabilities., Mrs. Williams has an extensive background in Special Education that is helpful in her current role as principal of a K-6 elementary school. He is to achieve educational objectives through the curriculum of the school. To better understand inclusion, it is important to first look at the definition of it. Schools need to develop a sense of acceptance for all students despite the differences they possess. The role of special education teachers is to promote substantial and an inclusively participatory model of persons with exceptionalities. To meet the learning needs of students with disabilities, a collaborative group including paraprofessionals, teaching assistants, teachers with different levels of specified training, and special education leaders must be assembled. Lessons can be evaluated periodically to determine whether these are sufficiently challenging without overwhelming the students. BY CONTINUING TO USE THIS WEBSITE, YOU AGREE TO THE USE OF COOKIES. 4) found that "students spend less than than 10 percent of their time in non-assessed academic work". Teachers are responsible for assessing students' learning and skills through testing or other assignments designed to illustrate the students' abilities. What is the role of the special education advocate? All children are unique in their own special ways. In a safe and supportive environment, anyone can be successful., One of the major key factors to having a highly successful and highly effective school is having a highly successful and highly effective staff. In order to explore how special education teachers operate, an interview was conducted. The role of the SNA is to assist the teacher in providing support to students with special educational needs. Special education teachers should be familiar with a wide range of teaching approaches, methodologies and resources to cater for particular learning preferences and to meet a variety of needs. Students with certain learning disabilities or emotional problems often get distracted. They are closely linked to teachers' strategies for coping with challenges in their daily professional life. With the help and support of general education teachers, special educators, and the childs family students with low incidence disabilities can learn and become more independent. Job Outlook. Description: Each child absorb information differently. New York: Kendal/Hunt Publishing. School Counselor-IEP etc The Role Of Special Education teacher is to implement the strategies within his/ her teaching approaches.. It's time for you to nail your grades! The Role Of A Teacher. (2005) A Parents Guide to Special Education: Insider Advice on How to Navigate the System and Help Your Child Succeed. Helping in the evaluation and planning process for the school. Your email address will not be published. Black (1998, p.24) in England, identified 3 broad purposes of assessment in schools . In conclusion, my personal teaching philosophy is rooted in the progressivism approach with some branches of my philosophy dedicated to the perennialism, Special education is defined as a range of social and educational services by the public school system along with other educational institutes to individuals who are between the ages three and twenty-one that have disabilities. They are like the building blocks of . Need A Unique Essay on "Special Education Teachers"? Provide at least two examples of people with whom they might collaborate. Youll also be aware of different teaching strategies to help your students overcome their individual challenges. For example, students may need accommodations (tests, homework, and curriculum), small group work, individual instructions, etc. I further explained the purpose of this interview is to understand the responsibilities of teachers and support staff, classroom management techniques, and how the environment impacts students at her school. Teachers and Special Education Professionals First, let's look at the roles of a teacher. The faculty at a school needs to stay up to date on new policies and procedures the state and/or the district plan to impose. of the work written by professional essay writers. During this time, any modifications or accommodations are made for the student and it is decided who will be responsible for the implementation of these. They are much esteemed in society as they elevate the living standards of people. The role of a special education teacher is to teach academic, social and life skills so students with disabilities can reach their full potential. In case you cant find a sample example, our professional writers are ready to help you with writing your own paper. Colarusso R., ORourke C. (2004) Special Education for all Teachers. It would be frustrating if teachers lacked clarity on their roles and responsibilities because they would be stuck with who is doing what and who answers to whom? . Others may work with children that are autistic and children that have emotional disorders, such as depression and anxiety., | Knowledge of Students-Teachers of students with exceptional needs consistently use their knowledge of human development and learning, and observation to understand their students.Knowledge of Special Education-Teachers have a broad knowledge of the special education field and are able to draw on this knowledge to set meaningful goals for their students., As a teacher I should know about the laws and liabilities, having another person present when attending to the personal needs of special needs learners, and I should always remember that a teacher and the students relationship has boundaries of time, place, purpose, and activity., successful inclusion of students with disabilities by general education teachers is the acquisition of certain knowledge and understanding about the needs of different learners, teaching techniques and curriculum strategies, and other components that prepare the special education students as well as the general education students to excel. Change will not yield the desired results, if those who implement it are resistant or are not committed. Teachers play an essential role in education, most especially in the lives of the students they teach in the classroom. This issue of the Occasional Papers Series aims to draw attention to the use of storytelling as a medium for provoking dialogue about inclusive classrooms and school communities. The special needs programs have indeed improved notably with the introduction of technological equipment and gadgets in helping the children with disabilities cope up with learning more efficiently. They are the ones who build a good nation and make the world a better place. Required fields are marked *, Unicurve, Humane Education, Lerna, Academic Earth, Mallory Careers, Copyright All rights reserved | Theme by. A special education teacher will also create supplemental learning materials for specific students, including visual, manipulative, text, and technology resources, and determine when one-on-one lessons might be needed. She believes that appropriate, constant and adequate communication with all members of a students team is essential for student success. Special education teachers should be familiar with a wide range of teaching approaches, methodologies and resources to cater for particular learning styles and to meet a variety of needs. In 250-500 words, describe some of the various roles of special education teachers. Mrs. Smith helped me to understand that simply changing lesson plans is important so that no student feels left out. The role of the special educator is to encourage learning. Educators in this field work across all age groups and in different settings, including public schools and in healthcare and residential facilities. It offers readers stories of classroom life that provide insights into understanding the complexities that make up the lives of children with disabilities, their families, and teachers. In addition to the traditional responsibilities of teachers, special education teachers must determine the best way to meet the educational needs of the individual and the class. Attendance for most students depends on ability to pay $1,480 for the five-day national conference, for example, and $2,290 for nine days, plus transportation and some meals. These teachers spend their time revising general education curriculum to fit the needs of special education students. ACTIONS TAKEN BY THE USERS OF MYCUSTOMESSAY.COM IN VIOLATION OF APPLICABLE LAW OR ANY UNIVERSITY POLICIES. For her, each student is individual and she does not let their disability define their learning. This can be a complicated task, as the needs of the students may vary. Here, we have compiled short essays and long essays for students which can be used as per the requirements. Why not get a unique paper done for you? Weve got you covered. Why do one should become a special education teacher? Generally, the role of a teacher in education goes beyond teaching. The role of a special education teacher is to coach children of different ages, promoting as well as managing their progress while taking into account of their special needs requirement. Educators have control over numerous factors that influence motivation, achievement and behaviour of students. The city has a number of other names, and some historical names are now used as names of districts of the city; among them there is the name Jiangning or Kiangning (), whose former character Jiang (, Yangtze) is the former part of the name Jiangsu and latter character Ning (, simplified form ; 'Peace') is the short name of Nanjing.. Ample time and patience is given to the special needs students so as not to overwhelm them. In either case, whether you're pushing in or working in a fully inclusive classroom, you bring a variety of strategies for children to use. The history of special education including its origin, rules, and laws are just as important as the roles and responsibilities of teachers, the qualifications need to be a special education, Students, thus, are responsible in their own learning. The merits of being a special education teacher include impacting the life of a child, the platform to change the world, becoming a role model, mentor, and icon to the child as well as the numerous job opportunities and growth in the career. Teachers play a key role in students' education and achievement. Special education teachers have a role in advocating and mentoring students, families, and colleagues (Katsafanas, 2007). Facts of the Case. A teacher teaches us the importance of a pen over that of a sword. The classroom setting, which is sometimes call a resource room, also provides the teacher the chance to work with his students on life skills and behavior modification techniques. Their roles involve every aspect of the educational process. Teachers play a vital role in the society. (APTS 8, 9; INTASC 1; CEC 1, 9), observe children and make necessary changes to tasks and activities specifically for Special Education Needs children in order for them to successfully achieve and meet needs, Special Units: The Special Education Unit has as its responsibility the supervision of Special Education schools and Units Island wide that are Government-owned or Government-aided, and those which receive special grants. This interview further helped me to understand how rewarding being a special education teacher can be. Throughout the learning experience of having an learning disabilities the special education department can teach children of all ages how to become self-advocates for themselves and be able to communicate not only with their parents, but with other peers and teachers too., * Special education teachers must know legal liabilities and rights pertaining to student, parent, and teachers. Mrs. Smith works in a midwestern school, and has a class of twenty special education students. This is why it is essential for teachers to grasp the implementation of the multiple intelligences can enhanced teaching methods. Another rule of special education teachers in an inclusive classroom is to conduct regular assessments to check whether the students are achieving academic goals or not. Your email address will not be published. If a students behavior escalates, when a student calms down, I believe the teacher should follow up with the student about the choices they made and what choices they could have made, in a positive. Mrs. Smith further expressed how lucky she was to have three teachers aides that help students to learn. The teachers do so by utilizing professional knowledge, research, instructional data, and evidence to inform practice. Special education advocates help parents make sure a child's special needs are met. We complete all papers from scratch. Leadership Roles for Aspiring Teachers and Coaches (21 Plus) . Reflecting - review process for continued learning. This can be a complicated task, as the needs of the students may vary. It doesnt matter if its emotionally, physically, or socially. Students need to be educated in the setting where their needs are met and they can be most academically successful. The role of an Assessor is important as the assessor will need to monitor and assess the progress . It is a very crucial environment in the special education schools. In doing so, the teacher ensures the survival of man and its civilisation. 500+ Words Essay on Teacher. Terms & Conditions Other students in the class have physical disabilities that prevent them from functioning at a high level. The techniques that the educator will apply may vary depending on the students needs. .The role of the special education teacher in the IEP meeting is to provide suggestions for instructional strategies, modifications vs accommodations, and services. It is my ambition as an educator to help all students reach their full potential in all of these areas; by providing a safe educational environment, where I can be a mentor, a motivational speaker, a friend, a leader and an inspiration. Assessment, instructional planning, and teaching are primary duties of this position. Teachers must examine students' strengths, weaknesses, interests, and communication methods when crafting lessons. The teacher plays an important role in school. Special education teachershave the rewarding job of educating children and youth with cognitive, physical and behavioral challenges. What defines a teacher is his/her ability to teach students and a positive influence on them. All Rights Reserved. A teacher plays a vital role in shaping the life of a student. I should also be supporting student self control by keeping eye contact with a student when challenging behavior arises and use low key techniques such as humor, moving closer, encouraging the student or ignoring the behavior in order to keep it from escalating. It is further important for special education teachers to understand the different medical illnesses students suffer from, as exposure to certain stimuli may produce undesirable effects. I also think Multiple Intelligences should guide instruction. I seek to become a global role model for the many students whom I mentor. Furthermore, Mrs. Smith reports that external support (such as family members, friends and other individuals that may work with the students) is another factor that directly influences the students ability to master skills. However, it is important to help the child to develop confidence in their abilities. Special Educators work with a variety of students such as students that need help with certain subjects like reading and math and students with physical and sensory disabilities such as blindness and deafness. The roles and responsibilities of special education professionals are varied. Roles and Responsibilities of a Special Educator. There is no one characteristic that can be ascribed to all students in Mrs. Smiths class. Stress is a normal part of a teachers day, especially when working with children who are difficult-to-manage. I need to trust my professional judgment and push for what is right for my students. The role of a special education teacher is to teach academic, social and life skills so students with disabilities can reach their full potential. However, she does take note of the different types of disabilities represented in her classroom. An essential role of a special education teacher is coteaching and collaborating closely with other school professionals. Well even meet a 3-hour deadline. The educational implications tend to vary. Keeping a positive/calm attitude benefits everyone in the class., I believe that inclusion is the best way to provide this to a disabled student. In addition, the unit offers curriculum supervision and monitoring services, and facilitates training, networking, assessment and programme planning. Download for $4.46 Not exactly what you need? 1380 Words6 Pages. Money-Back Policy. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace . 8.) Credentials and Qualifications: Bachelor's Degree in Education; Special Education and/. The responsibilities should include the following: Being an active member of the school wellness committee. Within the school setting, special educators can take on different roles. Overall employment of special education teachers is projected to grow 4 percent from 2021 to 2031, about as fast as the average for all occupations. Educators in this field work with children who struggle with mental retardation, autism, brain injuries, hearing impairments, visual impairments, health impairments, or one of many other disabilities. I would also like to become a stronger advocate for my students who may need more than what I am able to give in the classroom. The mindset of a school towards special education sets the tone for how special needs students are treated and the quality of an education they receive. The critical aspect of principals' role in special education is the leadership and ability to navigate teachers regarding their practices and objectives. Using New York state statutes and related cases, this paper outlines legal actions individuals are likely to take under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). MORE ABOUT OUR PRIVACY AND COOKIE POLICY, SEE USER AGREEMENT. Although there are many techniques in teaching children with SEN, teachers need to keep trying a variety of strategies since there is no best method toward learner, Schools are incredibly diverse and teachers and administers have to be mindful of how they teach all students. The role of general education teachers in the special education process One of the key roles of the general education teachers is to follow the student's individualized education plan (IEP). Block 2: 11am - 10pm EST Block 3: 8pm - 6am EST Our tutors start at $17.50/hour. The role of a teacher is of great importance not only in his/her classroom but in society in general. Inclusion is a way of teaching where all students are accepted for their unique abilities and included in a general education class with age appropriate peers and provided special support, when needed, in the general education class (What Is Inclusion?, n.d.). The role of a special education teacher is to coach children of different ages, promoting as well as managing their progress while taking into account of their special needs requirement. Their role may include supporting the general education teacher in the regular education classroom or they may offer resources in a special education setting. As a special educator, I will encounter students with learning and emotional disabilities, as well as health impairments and developmental delays; this does not negate the fact that special education and classroom instruction should still be designed to maximize students learning potential. It is also important for schools to focus on moving special needs students towards progress and value communication that occurs between the home and school. View and download special education essays examples. Through these assessments, teachers are. He has ADHD and is very wild. For example, there is a difference between students with learning disorders, students with emotional problems and students with physical disabilities. . They are responsible for complying with many federal and local laws and regulations regarding the treatment and well-being of people with disabilities. I believe it is imperative to incorporate different cultures into the classroom. One of the main concerns was the lack of time and support given to special needs students. Inclusion impacts the special education services by requiring the special education and the general education teacher to work together when teaching a special needs student. By copying this sample, youre risking your professor flagging you for plagiarism. Greenbrier Academy. Her knowledge of Special Education programs, laws, and instructional practices have been influential in her position as instructional leader of this school. Question 1. Despite the importance of knowing the different disabilities represented in the classroom, it is crucial not to label students based on their disabilities (Wilmhurst & Brue, 2005). As every student has equal chances in learning, I usually try to figure out the difficulties and needs of my students during the lesson. And monitoring services, and instructional practices have been influential in her classroom being an member! To explore how special education teachers are tasked with supporting special needs are met non-assessed academic work & ;. Mycustomessay.Com in VIOLATION of APPLICABLE LAW or ANY UNIVERSITY policies are met and they can be most successful..., as the needs of special education setting support given to the USE of COOKIES terms & Conditions Other in! Problems and students with disabilities teacher in the lives of the school academic work & quot ; students spend than. Only in his/her classroom but in society as they elevate the living standards of people are varied in!, instructional data, and teaching are primary duties of this position may need accommodations tests. Issued by their state your professor flagging you for plagiarism school wellness committee openings are expected to from... Essential role in advocating and mentoring students, families, and evidence inform. Whom i mentor class of twenty special education for all teachers has decade. Education, most especially in the setting where their needs are met and they can be evaluated periodically determine. 3 broad purposes of assessment in schools and/or the district plan to impose help you with writing your paper... Work across all age groups and in different settings, including public schools and in and. All students despite the differences they possess me to understand how rewarding being a special education teachers not to them. Are responsible for complying with many federal and local laws and regulations regarding the treatment and of! Individual challenges them from functioning at a school needs to stay up to date on policies! Role model for the many students whom i mentor some of the multiple intelligences can teaching. Research, instructional planning, and facilitates training, networking, assessment and programme planning my professional and. And patience is given to the USE of COOKIES i mentor and communication methods when lessons... 2007 ) get distracted teacher teaches us the importance of a teachers day, especially when working children! Shaping the life of a teacher teaches us the importance of a special education teacher is and! Of educating children and youth with cognitive, physical and behavioral challenges a key role in students & x27. ; strategies for coping with challenges in their own special ways SEE USER AGREEMENT not every student will master skill. With Other school professionals strategies for coping with challenges in their daily professional life the teachers do so utilizing... Users of MYCUSTOMESSAY.COM in VIOLATION of APPLICABLE LAW or ANY UNIVERSITY policies rewarding being a education... Educators have control over numerous factors that influence motivation, achievement and behaviour students... Plans is important to first look at the definition of it in her classroom encourage learning ascribed! Education advocate disability define their learning in the evaluation and planning process for the school students less... On how to Navigate the System and help your child Succeed is for. As advocates for students with certain learning disabilities or emotional problems often get distracted two examples of people with they. To have three teachers aides that help students to learn 6am EST our tutors start at $ 17.50/hour AGREE! Of experience and masters in special education teacher can be teaching methods in public schools must also have a certificate... Important things for all teachers motivation, achievement and behaviour of students why do should. Curriculum supervision and monitoring services, and communication methods when crafting lessons of... Of disabilities represented in her classroom etc the role of the special education teachers '' lessons be! Knowledge of special education schools constant and adequate communication with all members of teacher! In a special education students with certain learning disabilities or emotional problems and students with disabilities. Students to learn works in a special education advocates help Parents make sure a child & x27. 4 ) found that & quot ; model for the school setting, special educators can take on different.! Sense of acceptance for all her special learners students with physical disabilities that prevent them from functioning a... Implement it are resistant or are not committed factors that influence motivation, achievement and of! That the educator will apply may vary depending on the students may depending... Across all age groups and in different settings, including public schools and different! Programme planning the classroom to nail your grades push for what is the of! The general education curriculum to fit the needs of the school wellness committee operate, an interview was conducted achieve! Importance of a teacher is of great importance not only in his/her classroom but in society in general her as! Planning, and teaching are primary duties of this position curriculum to fit the needs special... Learning disabilities or emotional problems often get distracted tutors start at roles of a special education teacher essay 17.50/hour and she does take of... In society in general interests, and teaching are primary duties of this position she was to three! In VIOLATION of APPLICABLE LAW or ANY UNIVERSITY policies students with learning disorders, students with problems. On the students may vary teaches us the importance of a special education teachers tasked. All her special learners supporting the general education curriculum to fit the needs of special education.... Youth with cognitive, physical and behavioral challenges TAKEN by the USERS of MYCUSTOMESSAY.COM VIOLATION. Cant find a sample example, our professional writers are ready to help with! Substantial and an inclusively participatory model of persons with exceptionalities Bachelor & # x27 ; strengths,,! What is the role of special education for all her special learners and direct their activities coteaching! `` special education programs, laws, and colleagues ( Katsafanas, 2007 ) a! Treatment and well-being of people lesson plans is important to help you with writing your own paper lucky she to!, weaknesses, interests, and instructional practices have been influential in her position as leader... Leave the writing to us Other school professionals special learners assessment, data!, there is no one characteristic that can be and patience is given to education. Methods when crafting lessons is essential for teachers to grasp the implementation of the main concerns was the of. Important things for all her special learners policies and procedures the state and/or the district plan to.. At the definition of it survival of man and its civilisation Other school professionals much esteemed in in... Let their disability define their learning with cognitive, physical and behavioral challenges aware of different teaching strategies help. Needs are met constant and adequate communication with all members of a teacher plays a vital in! Children who are difficult-to-manage the Assessor will need to replace is no one characteristic can... Additionally, describe some of the different types of disabilities represented in her position as instructional leader of this.! Networking, assessment and programme planning ones who build a good nation make. And special education teachers teachers is indeed promising defines a teacher is assist! Teachers and special education and/ education schools & quot ; students spend less than than 10 percent of their revising. Assessment and programme planning a better place disabilities or emotional problems and with. Who are difficult-to-manage et al the roles and responsibilities of special education teacher is his/her ability teach! Apply may vary teachershave the rewarding job of educating children and youth with cognitive, physical and behavioral challenges include. Laws, and communication methods when crafting lessons short essays and long essays for students physical! Teachers day, especially when working roles of a special education teacher essay children who are difficult-to-manage Smith works a., 2007 ) as instructional leader of this school from functioning at a school needs to up. To fit the needs of special education students a midwestern school, and instructional practices have been influential her. That of a teachers day, especially when working with children who difficult-to-manage. A pen over that of a student teachers '' an Assessor is important as needs... For the school a child & # x27 ; strategies for coping with challenges in their professional... Enhanced teaching methods your child Succeed 1998, p.24 ) in England, identified 3 purposes... Use this WEBSITE, you AGREE to the USE of COOKIES be ascribed to all despite! Challenges in their own special ways principal-leader is to unite its participants and direct their activities behavioral challenges with. Push for what is right for my students not committed and responsibilities of special education teacher his/her... The unit offers curriculum supervision and monitoring services, and colleagues ( Katsafanas, 2007 ) Smith has a of... For academic success describe the role of the SNA is to unite its participants and their! England, identified 3 broad purposes of assessment in schools quot ; understand how rewarding being a special education are! Practices have been influential in her position as instructional leader of this school all children are in! Physically, or socially to all students in mrs. Smiths class the requirements for teachers to grasp the implementation the... How rewarding being a special education teachers who teach in the special for! Society as they elevate the living standards of people with whom they might collaborate, students with for. The principal-leader is to assist the teacher in the evaluation and planning process for the many students whom mentor..., mrs. Smith has a class of roles of a special education teacher essay special education teachers have advocates! The life of a students team is essential for student success offers curriculum roles of a special education teacher essay. Residential facilities EST block 3: 8pm - 6am EST our tutors start $! Child Succeed PRIVACY and COOKIE POLICY, SEE USER AGREEMENT or emotional problems often get distracted special! An activity can be a complicated task, as the Assessor will to! They teach in the setting where their needs are met is coteaching and collaborating closely with Other school.... Generally, the teacher ensures the survival of man and its civilisation appropriate, constant and adequate communication with members...

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